That is, in mathematical terms, the acceleration must be inversely proportional to the mass and directly proportional to the net force. What is Newton’s second law of motion?įollowing Galileo, Newton conceived that the change in the state of motion was resisted by the mass of the object, so that a force of a given size acting upon a 2 kg mass would change the velocity at a certain rate, but that the same force acting on a 4 kg mass would change the velocity at only half that rate. Newton encoded the mass, the quantitative measure of inertia, into his second law.
#Sir isaac newton ii drivers
Professional race car drivers wear fancy head and neck support (HANS) devices for extra safety in a high speed collision.Įvery object has its own measure of inertia, as measured in grams or kilograms of mass. This is the reason that automobiles now have very carefully engineered head restraints and airbags.
#Sir isaac newton ii free
The head is still free to move in any direction, which is good for normal driving but not in a collision. A person’s head can get whipped forward in a front end collision or backwards in a rear end collision, because the seat belts only anchor the torso to the car. HANS device for race safetyĪ more serious example of the law of inertia is the horrible effects of whiplash in a car accident. So the law of inertia, Newton’s first law of motion, can be a good way to meet people, but it can also lead to bruises, unless you put a stone cold lock on those grab bars. If the bus speeds up, you are similarly prone to bump into the person behind you. Your body wants to continue in that forward direction at constant speed, so, without locking onto a grab bar, you are prone to bump into the person in the aisle in front of you. If the bus is moving forward at constant speed again, and you, again are standing in the aisle without locking to a grab bar, and the bus slows down, you’ll get thrown forward unless you brace. This effect, your body’s indifference to the forces acting on the bus, also holds for acceleration fore and aft. Locking onto a grab bar fixes your position in the bus, something like the bolts do that hold the seats in place on the bus. If the bus turns left, your right hip then is prone to getting bumped, unless you can stabilize yourself with one of the grab bars. But the bus, and the seat bolted down to the bus, do turn right, bringing your left hip into a collision with the seat to your left. You are not bolted down to the bus, so you are indifferent to the forces turning the bus rightward: you want to keep going straight ahead. But as soon as it turns right, you will have to stabilize laterally or bump your left hip into the seat next to you. If the bus is moving forward at constant speed, you can stand without bracing yourself. 1.15 How Do We Apply This Acceleration Concept? Where Do These Calculations Help Us Make Predictions?.1.14 How Far Can a Shelby Drive When the Hammer Is Down? How Does One Compute the Distance That an Accelerating Object Will Travel?.1.13 What Quantity Measures the Change of Velocity in an Acceleration?.1.12 Does the Graph of Speed Versus Time Tell Me Anything Else?.1.11 The Tortoise and the Hare Race for Donuts.1.10 What Is the Difference Between an Average Speed and an Instantaneous Speed?.1.9 How Does One Calculate Speed of Travel?.1.8 How Does One Calculate the Exact Direction of Travel?.
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